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781.
782.
On the value of temporary carbon: a comment on Kirschbaum 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Philip M. Fearnside 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2008,13(3):207-210
A recent paper by Miko Kirschbaum (Mitigat Adapt Strategies Glob Change 11(5–6):1151–1164, 2006) argues that temporary carbon (C) storage has “virtually no climate-change mitigation value.” However, temporary carbon has
value in delaying global warming that needs to be recognized in carbon accounting methodologies. The conclusions reached are
very sensitive to any value that is attached to time. Basing analysis exclusively on the maximum temperature reached within
a 100-year time frame ignores other important impacts of global warming that also need to be included when mitigation strategies
are assessed. The relative weightings for long-term versus short-term impacts represent policy choices that result in a greater
or a lesser value being attributed to temporary carbon, but that value should not be zero. Global warming is too formidable
an enemy to allow us the luxury of discarding part of our arsenal in fighting against it. Both reducing fossil-fuel combustion
and increasing biosphere carbon stocks are needed. 相似文献
783.
Kirsten Halsnæs Priyadarshi Shukla 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2008,13(2):105-130
The paper presents a number of ideas on how climate change policy implementation in developing countries can be supported
by alternative international cooperation mechanisms that are based on stakeholder interests and policy priorities including
broader economic and social development issues. It includes a brief review of current development policies, technological
research and promotion efforts, and climate change that demonstrates that mutual policy initiatives undertaken by governments
and the private sector actually have major positive impacts on climate change without being initiated by this global policy
concern. Furthermore a number of examples are given on how future development objectives in Brazil, China, and India jointly
can support economic and social goals and global climate change concerns if these goals are taken into consideration and supported
by international cooperative mechanisms. The paper proposes international cooperative mechanisms that can support the implementation
of integrated development and climate change policies. The mechanisms include an international sustainable development (SD)
and Climate Finance Mechanism (SDCFM), technology development and transition programmes, technology standards, and other measures.
相似文献
Priyadarshi Shukla (Corresponding author)Email: |
784.
Cadaver decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A dead mammal (i.e. cadaver) is a high quality resource (narrow carbon:nitrogen ratio, high water content) that releases an
intense, localised pulse of carbon and nutrients into the soil upon decomposition. Despite the fact that as much as 5,000 kg
of cadaver can be introduced to a square kilometre of terrestrial ecosystem each year, cadaver decomposition remains a neglected
microsere. Here we review the processes associated with the introduction of cadaver-derived carbon and nutrients into soil
from forensic and ecological settings to show that cadaver decomposition can have a greater, albeit localised, effect on belowground
ecology than plant and faecal resources. Cadaveric materials are rapidly introduced to belowground floral and faunal communities,
which results in the formation of a highly concentrated island of fertility, or cadaver decomposition island (CDI). CDIs are
associated with increased soil microbial biomass, microbial activity (C mineralisation) and nematode abundance. Each CDI is
an ephemeral natural disturbance that, in addition to releasing energy and nutrients to the wider ecosystem, acts as a hub
by receiving these materials in the form of dead insects, exuvia and puparia, faecal matter (from scavengers, grazers and
predators) and feathers (from avian scavengers and predators). As such, CDIs contribute to landscape heterogeneity. Furthermore,
CDIs are a specialised habitat for a number of flies, beetles and pioneer vegetation, which enhances biodiversity in terrestrial
ecosystems. 相似文献
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787.
788.
Carbon labelling of grocery products: public perceptions and potential emissions reductions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Public perceptions of a UK carbon labelling trial were assessed via three focus groups. The public found it very difficult to make sense of labelled emissions values without additional information. There was also little evidence of a willingness to use labels for product selection. There is a strong case for using carbon reduction labels to indicate a programme of on-going emissions reductions, rather than expecting consumers to incentivise emissions reductions by actively choosing the lower carbon variant of two or more products. The normalisation issues and emissions reduction potential of carbon labelling are discussed. 相似文献
789.
Evaluation of carbon stock variation in Northern Italian soils over the last 70 years 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carbon (C) sequestration in soils is gaining increasing acceptance as a means of reducing net carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere. Numerous studies on the global carbon budget suggest that terrestrial ecosystems in the mid-latitudes
of the Northern Hemisphere act as a large carbon sink of atmospheric CO2. However, most of the soils of North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Eastern Europe lost a great part of
their organic carbon pool on conversion from natural to agricultural ecosystems during the explosion of pioneer agriculture,
and in Western Europe the adoption of modern agriculture after the Second World War led to a drastic reduction in soil organic
carbon content. The depletion of organic matter is often indicated as one of the main effects on soil, and the storage of
organic carbon in the soil is a means of improve the quality of soils and mitigating the effects of greenhouse gas emission.
The soil organic carbon in an area of Northern Italy over the last 70 years has been assessed In this study. The variation
of top soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from −60.3 to +6.7%; the average reduction of SOC, caused by agriculture intensification,
was 39.3%. This process was not uniform, but related to trends in land use and agriculture change. For the area studied (1,394 km2) there was an estimated release of 5 Tg CO2-C to the atmosphere from the upper 30 cm of soil in the period 1935–1990. 相似文献
790.